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What type of antenna used in the mobile?

Answer is Omni directional antenna used in the mobile. There are various types of antenna used in mobile like, PIFA (Polar Inverted F Antenna) FICA etc

Radar Equation

The power Pr returning to the receiving antenna is given by the radar equation:

P_r = {{P_t G_t  A_r \sigma  F^4}\over{{(4\pi)}^2 R_t^2R_r^2}}

where

  • Pt = transmitter power
  • Gt = gain of the transmitting antenna
  • Ar = effective aperture (area) of the receiving antenna
  • σ = radar cross section, or scattering coefficient, of the target
  • F = pattern propagation factor
  • Rt = distance from the transmitter to the target
  • Rr = distance from the target to the receiver.

In the common case where the transmitter and the receiver are at the same location, Rt = Rr and the term Rt² Rr² can be replaced by R4, where R is the range. This yields:

P_r = {{P_t G_t  A_r \sigma  F^4}\over{{(4\pi)}^2 R^4}}.

This shows that the received power declines as the fourth power of the range, which means that the reflected power from distant targets is very, very small.

The equation above with F = 1 is a simplification for vacuum without interference. The propagation factor accounts for the effects of multipath and shadowing and depends on the details of the environment. In a real-world situation, pathloss effects should also be considered.

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Saturday, April 27, 2013

JAVA/OOPs Question Papers

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UNIT I
1
Briefly explain the concept of encapsulation with an example
2
Bring out the importance of inheritance with the help of an example?
3
Why the concept of polymorphism is is considered to be very important Explain?
4
Briefly explain the salient features of java language?
5
What is stand alone application? Briefly explain the procedure of creating and executing a standalone application?
6
List 5 major differences between JAVA C and C++?
7
Explain how java is strongly associated with the Internet?
8
Explain how java is more secured than other languages?
9
What is a Buzzword? List and explain any 10 java buzzwords?
10
What is a data type? List any basic eight data types in java, explain them with examples?
11
What is a constant? Explain different types of constants used in java
12
What is a variable? Explain about the scope of variable in detail?
13
Write a program that reads the radius of a circle as input taken dynamically while running and then computes the circumference and area?
14
What is an operator? Explain various types of operators used in java?
15
Determine the value for each of the following expression if a=5, b=10, and c=-6
a) a>b && a
b) a && a>c
c) a<=c || b>a
d) b>15 && c>0 || a>0
e) (a/2==0 || b/2==0) && c<0 data-blogger-escaped-o:p="">

16
Why do we need control statement? Name and explain any five important control statements in java?
17
What does the break statement do? How it is used in the switch statement, explain with example?
18
How does do while differ from the while statement, Explain with an example?
19
Explain with example the use of break and continue statements in a “for” loop?
20
What is an array? Explain why arrays are usually processed with “for” loops?
21
Write a java program to print the following pattern using “for” loops
I
2 3
4 5 6
22
Given a number write a program using while loop to reverse the digits of a number?
For Example Input:12345 Output:54321
23
Write a java program to eliminate the duplicate elements from the given set of input elements
Sample input: 1 2 3 4 4 5 3 2
Sample Output: 1 2 3 4 5
24
Write a java program to find the nth smallest number in the given set of elements
Sample input 2 4 3 5 8 7 N=3
Sample output: The third smallest element is:4
25
Write a java program to sort the elements of the matrix in row wise
Sample input 1 3 2 sample output: 1 2 3
6 5 4 4 5 6
9 7 8 7 8 9
26
Write a java program to find the N prime numbers
Sample input:7
Sample output: 2 3 5 7 11 13 17
27
Write a java program to arrange the elements of the array in an ascending order
28
Write a java program to find the Fibonacci series
Fibonacci series 1 1 2 3 5 8…………
29
Define type casting? Explain typecasting with an example?
30
Write a java program to find the factorial of a given number?

UNIT II
1
What is a class? How does it accomplish data hiding explain with example?
2
What are objects? Explain with example how are object created from a class?
3
What are the three parts of a simple empty class explain with example?
4
What is a constructor? How do we invoke a constructor? What are its special properties?
5
What is a method? Explain in detail about method overloading?
6
What is the advantage of constructor overloading explain with example?
7
When do we declare the members of the class as static explain with example?
8
When do we declare a method or class as final explain with example?
9
When do we declare a method or class as abstract explain with example?
10
What is the advantage of using “this” keyword, explain?
11
What are the difference between constructor and a method explain with examples?
12
What do you mean by garbage collection, explain with example?
13
Explain about inner classes with an example?
14
Define a class method square as defined below
Data member: side
Methods : squarearea() To compute the area of a square
Squareperimeter() To compute the perimeter of a square
Within the main method of the class square create an object for the class square . Compute the area and perimeter by invoking the appropriate methods
15
Define a class method circle as defined below
Data member: radius
Methods : constructor()
circlearea() To compute the area of a circle
Within the main method of the class circle create an object for the class circle . Compute the area of circle when radius is 20 by invoking the appropriate methods
16
What is a string? Explain any of the five string methods with syntax and examples?
17
Write a java program to arrange the array of strings in an alphabetical order
18
Write a java program to find whether the given string is a palindrome or not
Sample Input: MALAYALAM
(Note: reversing a string should be the same as input)
19
Explain about string bufferclass with example?
20
Explain streamtokenizer and its methods with an example?
21
Explain the following methods of strings with examples
a) charAt()
b) IndexOf()
22
Explain the following methods of strings with examples
a) getChars()
b) getBytes()
23
Explain the various methods involved in strings to extract the substrings?
24
Write a java program to convert the uppercase letters to lowercase and vice versa
Sample Input: jntu uNIVERSITY
Sample Output JNTU University
25
Describe the various methods used for character replacements in a string?
26
Explain the various methods used for comparison of strings?
27
Explain the following methods of stringBuffer class examples
a) capacity()
b) insert()
28
Write a java program to find all possible combinations for a given string
Sample Input: abc
Sample output: abc bac cab acb bca cba
29
Write a java program to find the number of characters, words in a given string
Sample Input: JNTU Hyderabad
Sample output:No of characters:13 No of words:2
30
Write a program the reads a string and rewrite it in alphabetical order
Sample Input: STRING Sample Output: GINEST
UNIT III
1
Write a program to explain how variables are inherited in a class?
2
Write a program and explain the concept of hiding a variable?
3
With the help of a java program explain the use of the super keyword?
4
Write a java program to illustrate the inheritance of methods?
5
What are the various types of inheritance, Explain with examples?
6
Write a java program to explain the concept of method overriding?
7
Explain how super keyword is used in overriding the methods?
8
Explain the use of super() method in invoking a constructor?
9
What is an Abstract classes, Explain with examples?
10
Write a java program to illustrate the use of Abstract methods?
11
Write a java program to illustrate the impact of final modifier?
12
Define the concept of base class and derived class with a sample java program?
13
When does a base class variable get hidden, Give reasons?
14
Explain with an example how we can access a hidden base class variable?
15
Describe the syntax of single inheritance in java?
16
Compare and contrast overriding and overloading methods?
17
Explain with example when do we declare a method or class final?
18
Explain with example when do we declare a method or class abstract?
19
What is inheritance how does it help us in creating new classes quickly?
20
How do we pass the arguments in the constructor of a base class Explain with example?
21
Write a program to find the area of a rectangle using the concept of method overriding?
22
Explain the member access rules in detail?
23
How do we implement dynamic method dispatch, Explain with a sample java program?
24
Explain the concept of object class in detail?
25
Write a sample java program to explain about defining and using static members?
26
Explain the Nesting of methods in detail with an example?
27
What is multilevel inheritance, Explain?
28
Explain Hierarchal Inheritance with an example?
29
Explain in detail about finalizer methods()?
30
Write a java program to find the area of a circle using the concept of super keyword and super method?

UNIT IV
1
What is an Interface? Explain the structure of interface with an example?
2
With an example explain how interfaces are implemented?
3
With a sample program explain the concept of Inference Inheritance?
4
Define package and show how the packages are implemented?
5
With the help of a java program illustrate the concept of import statement?
6
Write a java program to illustrate the package access control Identifiers?
7
Write a java program to illustrate the public access control modifier?
8
Explain how is the concept of interface used to indirectly represent the multiple inheritances?
9
What do you mean by multiple inheritance of an interface Explain?
10
With a java program explain about extending interfaces concept?
11
Write a java program to show how the interface variables are accessed?
12
What are the major differences and similarities between interface and a class explain?
13
Discuss the various levels of access protections available for the packages and their implementations?
14
Name and explain about any 5 built in packages?
15
Explain about the naming conventions used for a package?
16
With a sample java program explain how a class is added to a package?
17
With a sample program explain concepts used for designing a package?
18
How do we add a class or an interface to a package?
19
Explain with an example to show how the methods in a package are accessed?
20
Explain the concept of Understanding there CLASS PATH?

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